Roland George Dwight Richardson (born May 14, 1878, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia; died July 17, 1949, Antigonish, Nova Scotia) was a prominent Canadian-American mathematician chiefly known for his work building the math department at Brown University and as Secretary of the American Mathematical Society.
In 1907 he was appointed assistant professor of mathematics at Brown University, with the stipulation that he first spend a study year in Gottingen, Germany.
During his time, Raymond Clare Archibald wrote in his article on Richardson, "No American mathematician was more widely known among his colleagues and the careers of scores of them were notably promoted by his time-consuming activities in their behalf.
Richardson died while on a fishing trip to his native Nova Scotia and was buried in Camp Hill Cemetery in Halifax.
Richardson was elected a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1914 and served as vice president 1945–9.