It includes the Serbian part of the region of Syrmia, which is administratively divided between the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina and the City of Belgrade.

Diocese of Syrmia was created upon the request of Ugrin Csák, Archbishop of Kalocsa in 1229.

During the Austro-Turkish wars of (1683–1699) and (1716–1718), entire region of Syrmia was liberated from Turkish rule and incorporated into the Habsburg monarchy.

In 1918, the region was incorporated into newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, known as Yugoslavia.

On 15 July 1999 the Holy See created the territory with a special authority to govern the Serbian part of the Diocese of Djakovo or Bosna and Srijem and on 1 October 1999 was established as a General Vicariate for Srijem with the residence in Petrovaradin.