Romania intended to send 104 competitors to Beijing, although the delegation was reduced to 102 when two Romanian athletes were suspended for doping before the start of the Olympics.

[1] Romanians competed in 16 sports: athletics, archery, handball, gymnastics, wrestling, swimming, diving, weightlifting, fencing, table tennis, shooting, tennis, judo, boxing, kayak-canoeing, and rowing.

Alexandru Bodnar earned the country its first qualifying spot in the men's competition by placing 29th in the 2007 World Outdoor Target Championships.

[1] Romania qualified two boxers for the Olympic boxing tournament.

The following is the Romania roster in the women's handball tournament of the 2008 Summer Olympics.