[2] She returned to Cambridge for her doctoral studies, earning a PhD in 2003[4] for research supervised by Jean-Pierre Hansen[2] on theoretical chemistry and computational simulations of water permeation of nanopores.
[2][5][6] Allen joined AMOLF as a Marie Curie Fellow, working on models of switching events between metastable states, which are rare.
[7][8] She was part of the group who developed Forward Flux Sampling,[9] which simulates rare equilibrium and non-equilibrium systems and allows the calculation of rate constants.
[11] She was awarded a Royal Society University Research Fellowship in 2009, studying the non-equilibrium interactions of microbes with their environments.
[20] Resistant mutant bacteria at the edges of the population wave exist at low density and do not compete with nearby cells.