Since then, Rosario Central has won the Argentine Primera Division five times, with the last domestic title being the 2023 Copa de la Liga Profesional.

Nowadays Rosario Central has the biggest difference in history between both teams, due to, having 19 winnings more than his eternal rival.

By the end of the 1880s, a group of workers of British–owned company Central Argentine Railway used to play a kind of football game in fields located near Alberdi Avenue in Rosario.

British English citizen Thomas Mutton suggested the name "Central Argentine Railway Athletic Club", which was approved.

In 1904 the railway companies Central Argentino and Buenos Aires merged, which caused a high number of criollo workers moved to Rosario.

[15] During an assembly, executive Miguel Green (also forward of the team) suggested that people outside the railway company could be accepted as member of the club.

The proposal was widely discussed until it was finally approved so the statute was modified, including the change of name to Spanish form "Club Atlético Rosario Central".

[21] In 1919, Central won the Rosario's league title again, winning 3–2 the final match against their history rivals: Newell's Old Boys.

In 1939, Rosario Central and its arch-rival Newell's Old Boys requested Argentine Football Association to be added to the main league championship of Argentina, the Primera División.

Rosario Central won its first national league title, in the 1971 Nacional championship with Angel Labruna as coach defeating San Lorenzo in the final game.

Central defeated Racing de Córdoba 5–0 in the first final game, and lost 2–0 in the second match but proclaimed champion due to goal average.

Central returned to Primera to play the 1986–87 season, winning the title at the end of the tournament but coached by Zof again.

The 1986–87 team was formed by Alejandro Lanari, Hernán Díaz, Jorge Balbis, Edgardo Bauza, Pedernera, Omar Palma, Adelqui Cornaglia, Roberto Gasparini, Osvaldo Escudero, Fernando Lanzidei and Hugo Galloni.

Central defeated Brazilian squad Atlético Mineiro 4–0 in Arroyito after losing by the same score in the first match in Brazil.

The club has participated in eleven editions of the Copa Libertadores, and is currently tied for fifth place with Estudiantes de la Plata and Vélez Sársfield, all of which trail participation leaders Boca Juniors, River Plate, Independiente, and San Lorenzo de Almagro.

After the 2010 Clausura, Rosario Central's poor form over the past three years forced it into a relegation/promotion play-off against Nacional B side All Boys, which won the tie over two legs 4–1 on aggregate (defining the series with a thrashing 3–0 in Arroyito), relegating Rosario Central to Primera B Nacional, the second tier of Argentine football.

Rosario Central spent several seasons in the B Nacional until 19 May 2013, when the squad secured the promotion to Primera División after beating Gimnasia y Esgrima de Jujuy by 3–0.

In the Round of 16, the Arroyito club drew 1-1 against Almagro and defeated them 5-4 on penalty kicks.224 In the quarter-finals, Central and Newell's played a new Rosario derby.

There, the Rosarinos scored four and Gimansia only one - previously one had been deflected and another had been saved by goalkeeper Jeremías Ledesma - to make Central champions of the Copa Argentina for the first time in their history.

Champion squad: Jeremías Ledesma, Josué Ayala, Miguel Barbieri, Matías Caruzzo, Óscar Cabezas, Marcelo Ortiz, Alfonso Parot, Elías Gómez, Gonzalo Bettini, Nahuel Gómez, Diego Arismendi, Leonardo Gil, Joaquín Pereyra, Néstor Ortigoza, Andrés Lioi, José Luis Fernández, Washington Camacho, Federico Carrizo, Maximiliano Lovera, Fernando Zampedri, Marco Ruben, Agustín Maziero and Germán Herrera.

Under the experienced coach, Rosario Central had a very successful 2023: they were 8th in the first half of the year, and champions in the Professional League Cup 2023, played in the second half.231 In addition, the Auriazul team was the only team in the Primera División that did not lose at home in the whole calendar year, having made the Gigante de Arroyito a fortress.

Finally, Rosario Central celebrated a new championship title at the Estadio Único Madre de Ciudades de Santiago del Estero, where more than 25,000 Canallas fans accompanied the team and filled the Santiago del Estero stadium with the illusion of a new title.

In an even and hard-fought match, Rosario Central beat Club Atlético Platense 1-0 in the final with a beautiful goal by Maximiliano Lovera 39 minutes into the first half, and thus was able to crown the 12th official title in its history.

Champion squad: Jorge Broun, Axel Werner, Valentino Quintero, Carlos Quintana, Agustín Sández, Damián Martínez, Juan Cruz Komar, Facundo Mallo, Alan Rodríguez, Ulises Ciccioli, Ismael Cortéz, Facundo Agüero, Kevin Silva, Fernando Rodríguez, Francis Mac Allister, Walter Montoya, Agustín Toledo, Ignacio Malcorra, Jaminton Campaz, Dannovi Quiñonez, Francesco Lo Celso, Lautaro Giaccone, Giovanni Bogado, Marcelo Acosta, Tomás O'Connor, Leandro Iglesias, Kevin Ortíz, Tobías Cervera, Maximiliano Lovera, Octavio Bianchi, Juan Cruz Cerrudo, Luca Martínez Dupuy, Fabricio Oviedo, Agustín Módica.

Manager: Miguel Ángel Russo Starting in 2025, all the clothing line is provided by Le Coq Sportif.

[29] In January 2007, Roberto Fontanarrosa a Rosario native and a devout fan of the club, created a logo that revised the definition and spelling of Central's nickname.

The new spelling he gave was canaya, because according to him, people from the city of Rosario use and pronounce the word with a "y" for the sole purpose of referring to the club fans.

The Newspaper Olé was published last 5 January 2008 by a recent study realized by the English magazine UK Football.

There are also references to the fans of Central in the film released in 2001 called Rosarigasinos (named after a slang used by the proletarian and lumpen sectors of the city in the 1920s and 30s).