Rosario Hernández Diéguez (nickname, A Calesa; Vigo, 17 February 1916 – Vigo, 3 September 1936) was a Spanish Galician newspaper hawker and trade unionist, affiliated with Unión General de Trabajadores (UGT) and Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (Partido Socialista Obrero Español) (PSOE).

[a] Imprisoned in the city's María Berdiales Fronton, she received meals brought in by her sister, Maria.

[6] Insolent, rather than submissive, devoted and obedient, she was shaved, raped, mutilated, and murdered[5] in a Falange barracks.

Her body was anchored to an iron grill[6] before it was thrown off a boat in the Ria de Vigo, near the Cíes Islands.

[3] In 2021, the story, "Rosario Hernández é un lugar", written by Marcos López Concepción, won the VIII Vigo Histórico Contest, organized by Editoral Elvira [es].