Roscoe Conkling McCulloch (November 27, 1880 – March 17, 1958) was a Republican politician from Ohio who served in the United States House of Representatives and U.S. Senate.

After serving as an assistant prosecutor in Stark County, he ran for the House in 1912.

He was appointed to the U.S. Senate on November 5, 1929, to fill the vacancy created by the death of Theodore E. Burton.

He lost a special election on November 30, 1930, to Robert J. Bulkley to fill out the remainder of the term.

He died on March 17, 1958, in West Palm Beach, Florida, at the age of 77.