Roscoe Owen Brady (October 11, 1923 – June 13, 2016) was an American biochemist.

In collaboration with Samuel Gurin at the University of Pennsylvania, Brady discovered the enzyme system for the biosynthesis of long chain fatty acids,[2] and later discovered the role of malonate coenzyme A in this process.

[21][22][23] These were the first-ever enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) treatments for lysosomal diseases, and directly led to great advances in the development of enzyme replacement therapies for some of the other lysosomal diseases, by many different researchers who were inspired by Dr. Brady.

Dr. Brady was awarded the National Medal of Technology and Innovation in 2008 by President George W. Bush.

Dr. Brady died on June 13, 2016, at his home in Rockville, MD, with his wife and sons at his side after a long battle with cancer.