[2] At the depot where he worked, there was a prohibition on allowing children onto any vehicle, with evidence that the employers and trade unions had attempted to stop such behaviour.

There were signs to this effect, which were large and visible to employees; one such stated: "Children and young persons must not in any circumstances be employed by you in the performance of your duties.

[3] He was paid a small wage for this help on several occasions, before he was injured due to the negligent driving of Mr Plenty, suffering a fractured leg.

The leading judgment on appeal distinguished these on the grounds that the passenger (Leslie Rose) had been furthering (advancing) the employee's duties, this kept Mr Plenty within the course of his employment.

A consequence is the close or sporadic audit of all an employee's inherently risky activities becomes strongly advisable in the English employment system.