Joyce has stated that artistic works show that young males were often subjects being viewed by both men and women, which indicates a more fluid gender spectrum.

[4] Both were phallic cultures but in Egyptian imagery the penis is exaggerated and perfect male bodies are the subject of female adoration.

[3] Spiritual practices also show the concepts of sexuality and gender were different in pre-conquest Mesoamerica, as throughout the region deities, like the Mayan corn or moon gods, had both male and female attributes.

Though clear evidence of trade,[8] studying the civilizations in Honduras, Joyce found that they do not have the same social inequality as existed in the Maya world.

[9] Joyce, RA 2020, The future of nuclear waste: what art and archaeology can tell us about securing the world's most hazardous material, Oxford University Press.

Hendon, JA, Joyce, RA and J Lopiparo 2014, Material Relations: The Marriage Figurines of Prehispanic Honduras, University Press of Colorado.

Joyce, RA and LM Meskell 2003, Embodied Lives: Figuring Ancient Maya and Egyptian Experience, Routledge.