The Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES), developed by the sociologist Morris Rosenberg,[1] is a self-esteem measure widely used in social science research.
[2] Although the instrument was developed for use with adolescents, it has been widely used in research on adults.
[3][4] The RSES is designed similar to the social-survey questionnaires.
The original sample for which the scale was developed consisted of 5,024 high-school juniors and seniors from 10 randomly selected schools in New York State.
[5] The RSES has been translated and adapted to various languages, such as Persian,[6] French,[7] Chinese,[8] Italian,[9] German,[10] Portuguese,[11] and Spanish.