JSC Rosoboronexport (Russian: AO Рособоронэкспорт, Rosoboroneksport) is the sole state intermediary agency for Russia's exports/imports of defense-related and dual use products, technologies and services.

The Rosoboronexport State Corporation is exclusively entitled to supply the international market the whole range of Russian armaments officially allowed for export.

The status of a state intermediary agency provides the corporation with unique opportunities in expanding and strengthening long-term mutually beneficial cooperation with foreign partners.

A state intermediary agency in the military-technical area was first created on 8 May 1953, when the General Engineering Department within the Ministry of Internal and Foreign Trade of the USSR was founded in accordance with the decision of the Soviet Government.

On 4 November 2000, the two state-owned companies were merged by Decree No.1834 of the Russian President, establishing the Rosoboronexport Unitary enterprise as the sole state intermediary agency for Russia's military exports/imports.

Rosoboronexport was prohibited from doing business with the Federal government of the United States from 2008 until 2010, when the U.S. lifted such sanctions in response to Russian support for a UN resolution concerning Iran's nuclear program.

[12][13] On 18 September 2008 it was reported that Rosoboronexport had agreed the sale of advanced S-300 Russian made anti-aircraft systems to Iran in light of the news that the United States had agreed to supply Israel with GBU-39s (Small Diameter Bunker Buster Bombs)[14][15] The 2011 volume of military supplies to foreign customers made by Rosoboronexport was US$10.7 billion considering the expected US$9.19 billion.

[18] In 2012, Rosoboronexport was widely reported to be Syria’s main weapons supplier, but Russia maintains that its arms deals with the Syrian government are based on longstanding contracts between the two countries.

[20] On 16 July 2014, the Obama administration imposed sanctions through the US Department of Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) by adding Rosoboronexport and other entities to the Specially Designated Nationals List (SDN) in retaliation for the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War.

The contracts concern the Sukhoi Su-30SME fighter aircraft, Mi-35M and Mi-17V5 helicopters, Protivnik-GE radars, Verba MANPADS as well as air weapons, armored and automobile vehicles.

[33] In 2023, the company started the promotion of the Klavesin-1RE underwater drone, the Nabat automatic communication system and the Z-STS and Phoenix armored vehicles.

[34] During the Army-2023 International Military-Technical Forum, Rosoboronexport signed several export contracts at a tune of $600 million (including a $500 million contract) and also reached agreements on joint production of Kalashnikov assault rifles, armored vehicles, guided projectiles on the customers' territory and the installation of Russian unmanned fighting compartments of various calibers on foreign vehicles.

[54] On 17 February 2025, the CEO of the Rostec parent company Sergey Chemezov said that Rosoboronexport's total order portfolio has surpassed $60 bln, recognizing in parallel that part of it is deferred demand.