[5] Established in 2007, the organization comprises about 800 enterprises, which together form 15 holding companies:[6] eleven in the defense-industry complex and three in civil sectors.

[1][12][13][14][15] On 10 July 2008, newly elected Russian President Dmitry Medvedev signed a decree that transferred 443 struggling enterprises to ownership by Rostekhnologii.

[13][16][17] After the acquisition, structural reforms were made, helping the enterprises emerge from their financial struggles with a 20–30% increase in production growth, five times the national average.[when?]

Rostec also featured a new logo, an open square symbolizing a window to the world and a focus frame, as well a new slogan "Partner in development" and implemented changes in its corporate governance structure.

[28][29] It was reported in late 2022 that Rostec had increased the production of armored vehicles and ammunition in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.

[clarification needed][38] Sergey Chemezov claimed on 1 November 2023 that Rostec has increased tank production by 7x, other combat vehicles by 4.5x, artillery/MLRS by 2.5 times, and ammunition by 60x.

[41] A Rostec high-ranking official stated in August 2024 that Russia's total export orders for weapons exceeded 60 bln US$.

[48] A special focus of the corporation's responsibility on labor[clarification needed] involves 21 dominant employers that are part of Rostec.

[49] As an example of corporate activity aimed at stabilization of social environment in single-company towns, mass media covered[clarification needed] Rostec's labor policy in relation to AvtoVAZ, a dominant employer in Togliatti during the 2008-2009 economic crisis.

[54][55] As of March 2017, Rostec had built and equipped perinatal centers in 15 federal subjects of Russia: Rostec cooperates with 312 leading higher educational institutions, including, among others, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, and the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, through targeted training of specialists, development of cooperation in the framework of scientific and technological areas, joint research, design and technological work.

[59] On November 27, 2007, Rostec became general sponsor of FC Krylia Sovetov Samara; however, in 2011 the corporation decided to suspend its support of the team.

[62] In 2015 the Corporation and WorldSkills Russia concluded a cooperation agreement which is aimed mainly at the joint work on training specialists for high-tech industries.