Rostislav Yevgenyevich Vargashkin (Russian: Ростислав Евгеньевич Варгашкин; born 2 June 1933) is a retired Russian cyclist who competed at the 1956 and 1960 Summer Olympics.

In 1956 he finished last in the 2000 m tandem sprint, due to a crash during a repechage round,[1] whereas in 1960 he won a bronze medal in the 1000 m track time trial.

[3][4] After retirement he became the head coach of the Russian Cycling Federation.

[3] He prepared the Soviet team for the 1964, 1968, 1972 and 1976 Olympics, and was a member of the European and world cycling federations (1993) and the president of the Soviet cycling federation (1989–1996).

[5] Vargashkin holds three bicycle-related patents (1981, 1990, 1998) and is the author of one book on time trial cycling (1961).