Roswitha Krause (born 3 November 1949) is a retired German freestyle swimmer and team handball player.

Krause won a silver medal at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico in the 4×100 m freestyle relay.

She then focused on handball and won a silver and a bronze medal with East German teams at the 1976 and 1980 Olympics, respectively,[1] as well as two world titles in 1975 and 1978 and three European Cups.

[2] She took up swimming because her doctor advised it to improve her shoulder condition; however, she noted in 1970 that her heart was always for ball sports, handball or football.

She retired after the 1980 Olympics to coach handball and swimming at the Humboldt University.