Rowland Joseph Anderson (30 September 1872 – 29 August 1959) was an Australian politician.
He was born in Kurrajong to farmer William James Anderson and Sarah Roberts.
He attended public school at Parramatta but left at sixteen to work as a tanner at Smithfield.
In 1896 he established his own tannery business in Botany, and in 1904 was elected a local alderman.
Also in 1904, he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly as the Liberal member for Botany.