Roxbury is the southernmost town of Washington County; it is bordered by Northfield (to the north), Warren (to the west), Granville (to the south and southwest), Braintree (to the southeast), and Brookfield (to the east).

[4] The town is located some 25 miles (40 km) southwest of Montpelier, the state capital.

[5] Roxbury is bisected by Vermont Route 12A, which runs through the town in a north-south direction.

[6] The geographic center of Vermont is located three miles east of Roxbury village.

[7] Roxbury is heavily mountainous and forested,[6] featuring some of the area's most rugged terrain.

[12] Historically, Roxbury's economy was highly dependent upon resource extraction; major economic activities included agriculture, logging, fishing, and quarrying.

[13] Verde Antique marble quarrying and talc mining were historically significant in Roxbury; today, one commercial sand and gravel extraction operation is located in the town.

[16] Other elected town officials include three listers, who are responsible for property tax assessments and other duties; three auditors, who prepare an annual Town Report; and three school directors who oversee public education.

Roxbury's town constable lacks law enforcement authority; rather, the constable "makes occasional checks on seasonal homes and hunting camps, assists the State Police in case of accidents and other emergencies, serves subpoenas and restraining orders, and receives occasional calls regarding nuisance situations.