The main priorities were:[2] Like all explosive factories of this type, a capacious supply of water was required for use in the manufacturing processes.

To manufacture 150 tons of cordite per week the factory would need 3 million imperial gallons (14,000 m³) of drinking quality water per day.

[3] One of the major difficulties encountered underground was the 'Great Spring', which necessitated the pumping of over 9 million gallons (41,000 m³) of water per day, at Sudbrook, from the western end of the tunnel, conveniently located only three miles (5 km) away from the proposed site at Caerwent.

[5] Early in the 1960s, a Parliamentary working party recommended that propellants for the three branches of the armed services should be concentrated at the Royal Ordnance Factory at ROF Bishopton.

[5] RAF Caerwent was transferred to US administration after Charles de Gaulle almost completely expelled United States Department of Defense activities from France in 1967.

[2] The US Army spent over £4 million constructing 300 magazines and converting some of the former RNPF structures to conform to the required specification.

The material stored included small arms ammunition, artillery shells (up to 8"), anti-tank mines, grenades, flares, and the multiple launch rocket system.

[7] At its height, Caerwent was among the larger ammunition depots in Western Europe, storing over 80,000 tonnes of conventional munitions, a substantial fraction of the US Army's European stocks.

[8] The 1st The Queen's Dragoon Guards and 1st Battalion, The Rifles are scheduled to move to the new Caerwent Barracks when building is completed in 2028.

[9] The site was connected to the Great Western railway at Caldicot Junction, near Sudbrook by way of a private branch line, sometimes known as the MoD Caerwent siding.

[10] After the privatisation of British Rail, RNPF Caerwent like a number of other MOD sites with internal railway sidings, was used as a secure storage area for holding surplus locomotives and rolling stock that might be returned to use.

[12] In summer 2022, work began to remove the final stretches of track that remained within the site and on the connecting branch line.