Ruben Khan-Azat (Armenian: Ռուբեն Խան-Ազատ 1862, Yerevan - 1929, Iran), was an Armenian political activist, one of the founders and leaders of the Social Democrat Hunchakian Party and Hunchak journal.
Ruben Khan-Azat was born as Nshan Karapetyan (Armenian: Նշան Կարապետյան) in 1862 in Yerevan, then part of the Russian Empire.
Khanazat studied at the Geneva University, then in 1889 moved to Constantinople and Western Armenia and organized first Hunchakian political groups, initiated the Kum Kapu Affray.
In 1893-95 he worked in USA, then in Russia, he became one of the supporters of Zeitun Resistance, collected money to help his compatriots, and was arrested in 1895.
Khanazat saw that Russia and Western countries never condemned the Hamidian massacres, and that Armenian armed power is not united to stop this violence.