Rudolf Kaltenbach (12 May 1842 – 21 November 1893) was a German gynecologist who was a native of Freiburg im Breisgau.
From 1867 to 1873 he was an assistant to Alfred Hegar (1830–1914) in Freiburg, and was later a professor of gynecology and obstetrics at the University of Giessen.
Kaltenbach served in the military during the Austro-Prussian (on the Austrian side) and Franco-Prussian Wars.
Kaltenbach is remembered for his numerous medical publications, including a book on operative gynecology that he co-authored with Alfred Hegar.
[1] He is credited with introducing a gynecological graphic aid involving menstruation cycles called the Kaltenbachschema (Kaltenbach chart).