Sir Rudolph Albert Peters MC MID FRS[1] HFRSE FRCP LLD (13 April 1889 – 29 January 1982) was a British biochemist.

He led the research team at Oxford who developed British Anti-Lewisite (BAL), an antidote for the chemical warfare agent lewisite.

[2] He was born in Kensington in London the son of Dr Albert E. D. R. Peters (1863–1945), a physician, and his wife, Agnes Malvina Watts (1867–1950).

The fact that fluoroacetate in itself is far less toxic than its metabolite fluorocitrate led him to coin the term "lethal synthesis" which was the title of his Croonian Lecture of 1951.

[8] Frances was the daughter of Francis William Vérel, a photographic chemist, and had been at school in Westgate-on-Sea with Peters's sister, Gwendoline.