The rufous-backed stipplethroat (Epinecrophylla haematonota) is a species of bird in subfamily Thamnophilinae of family Thamnophilidae, the "typical antbirds".

The rufous-backed stipplethroat was described by the English zoologist Philip Sclater in 1857 and given the binomial name Formicivora haematonota.

Adult males of the nominate subspecies E. h. haematonota have a mostly light gray face and a black throat with white spots.

They have a grayish olive-brown crown and mantle, and deep rufous back, tail, and flight feathers.

Their breast and belly are reddish yellow-brown to reddish-tinged buff, and their flanks and undertail coverts are olive-brown.

Males of subspecies E. h. fjeldsaai have an olive-brown crown, dark yellowish brown upperparts, and rufous-tinged flight feathers and tail that are darker than the nominate's.

Females have an ochraceous face, a dark-streaked mostly white chin and throat, and buffy brown underparts.

[17][18][19][20] The nominate subspecies E. h. haematonota of the rufous-backed stipplethroat is found in eastern Peru south of the Napo and Amazon rivers between the departments of Loreto and Madre de Dios and in the adjacent Brazilian states of Amazonas and Acre.

Subspecies E. h. fjeldsaai is found in southeastern Ecuador south of the Napo and adjoining extreme north-central Peru.

It typically forages singly, in pairs, or in small family groups, and usually as part of a mixed-species feeding flock.