Rufus Anderson Lyman (June 23, 1842 – July 4, 1910) was a son of a missionary who became a lawyer and politician in the Kingdom of Hawaii, founded the Paʻauhau Sugar Plantation Company, and had many notable descendants.

His mother was Sarah Joiner (1805–1885) and father was David Belden Lyman (1803–1883), missionaries in the fifth company from the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions.

[3] As Rebecca Ahung, Lyman's future wife attended the Royal School at Honolulu, and by June 1859 was an instructor there, teaching arithmetic and geography.

Inheriting his mother's interest in observing nearby volcanoes, Lyman developed a theory for the formation of lava tree molds discovered on the ranch of fellow missionary son William Herbert Shipman (who also married the daughter of Hawaiian nobility).

Rufus Anderson became circuit judge in 1866, lieutenant governor of the island in 1868, and served on several other boards and commissions.

[7] While working with the Royal Governor Princess Ruth Keʻelikōlani, he became her business advisor, helping her build one of the largest land holdings in the islands.

He was called to testify on conditions in Hawaii when a committee of the United States Senate visited Hawaiʻi island after the annexation.

Son Richard Jewell Kahekili Lyman was born August 13, 1872, married Phoebe Hoakalie Williams in 1902, and died on December 10, 1954.

Son David Belden Kuaʻana Lyman was born on December 13, 1876, and died on April 4, 1953, in Honolulu.

Muriel Constance Kaniu Hualani Lyman born October 25, 1878, in Paʻauhau and died April 9, 1883.

Clarence Kumukoa Lyman was born February 28, 1882, was the first Hawaiian admitted to U.S. Military Academy at West Point.

Son Albert Kualiʻi Brickwood Lyman was born May 5, 1885, graduated from West Point in 1909, and served as an officer of the U.S. Army the rest of his life.

[19][20] Son Charles Reed Bishop Lyman, born August 20, 1888, graduated from West Point in 1913[18]: 1655  where he played on the football team.

In July 1942, after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, Charles, a full colonel, was appointed military governor of the islands of Maui, Lānaʻi and Molokaʻi.