They are designed to take the strains of the game and have traditionally been made from cotton, in 1971 Polyester shorts were worn by international rugby teams such as Wales.
[2][3] While the most popular material has been cotton, modern shorts can also be made from higher grade polyester with reinforced seams.
In particular: "A player must not wear any items containing buckles, clips, rings, hinges, zippers, screws, bolts or rigid material or projection."
[7] The use of hard plastic padding of any kind, including abdominal guards (box), is forbidden in most leagues.
In the United States, the high-padding of American football has influenced some junior leagues to allow, or in some cases require, abdominal guards and jock straps.