[1] The province was in the north of the country, bordered to the north by Uganda and to the northwest by the Democratic Republic of Congo.
It had an area of 1,651.2 square kilometres, of which 1,439.2 are considered habitable.
[2] The region is mountainous, and includes the 4,507-meter dormant volcano, Mount Karisimbi.
The 2002 census counted 891,498 people in the province, including 475,424 women and 416,074 men, making Ruhengeri the most populous province of Rwanda, with 11% of the nation's population.
It was the fourth most populous province at the time of the 1991 census, which counted 769,297 people, and the fourth most populous in the 1978 census, which counted 531,927.