Also possible is to examine objects consisting of rules such as roles, routines, algorithms, models of reality, social relationships, and institutions.
In game theory, rules and rule complexes can be used to define the behavior and interactions of the players (although in generalized game theory, the rules are not necessarily static.
Rule complexes are especially associated with sociologist Tom R. Burns and Anna Gomolinska and the Uppsala Theory Circle.
If Y, the justifications, do not hold, then the rule cannot be applied.
If X and Y are empty, then the rule is axiomatic (a "fact" or unconditional directive).
Thus, rules can be seen as the basic objects of knowledge.
Formally, a rule complex is the class which contains all finite sets of rules, is closed under set-theoretical union and power set, and preserves inclusion: This means that for rule complexes
socially embedded games: A granular computing perspective.
In S. K. Pal, L. Polkowski and A. Skowron (eds).
"Rough-Neural Computing: Techniques for Computing with Words", Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pages 411–434.