As a youth, Iskhakov played within HC CSKA Moscow junior ranks, featuring Krasnaya Armiya of the MHL in the 2017–18 season.

Iskhakov opted to continue his development in Europe for the 2021–22 season, signing a one-year deal with German club, Adler Mannheim of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL) on 21 May 2021.

On 26 May 2022, Iskhakov returned to North American after he agreed to terms with draft club, the New York Islanders, on a two-year, entry-level contract.

[3] During the 2023–24 season, Iskhakov was recalled by the Islanders and made his National Hockey League (NHL) debut, registering an assist in his lone regular appearance with the club in a 5–4 victory over the Pittsburgh Penguins on 17 April 2024.

[6] As a pending restricted free agent, Iskhakov opted to halt his career in North America and return to his homeland after signing a two-year contract with perennial contending club, HC CSKA Moscow of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), on 1 August 2024.