Russell Cheney (October 16, 1881 – July 12, 1945) was an American Impressionist, Post-Impressionist and New England regionalist painter.

After his father's death in 1908, he returned to America and continued with Cox and William Merritt Chase at the Art Students League.

In 1909, Cheney exhibited his portrait of Professor Candle at the Salon des Artistes Francais.

He was the longtime partner and lover of author F. O. Matthiessen, who was also a Yale graduate and became a member of Skull & Bones in 1923.

He was survived by Matthiessen and two sisters, Ednah Cheney Underhill of Santa Barbara, California, and Mrs. Halstead Dorey of Boerne, Texas.