The Russian Empire (Russia) competed at the 1912 Summer Olympics in Stockholm, Sweden.

Aleksandr Schultz's 11th-place finish in the decathlon was Russia's best placement.

Andrejs Apsītis was the only cyclist to finish the time trial, the only race held, placing 60th.

Viktor Baranov, the sole Russian diver, did not finish the competition in the first round of the plain high diving event.

None of the Russian fencers in 1912 advanced to the finals, though four sabrists reached the semifinals.

(The scoring system was point-for-place in each of the five events, with the smallest point total winning.)

Kuusik advanced to the semifinals in the single sculls before being defeated, taking the bronze medal.

Race-off to break ties in total points if necessary for medal standings.)

The Russian shooters won a pair of medals—a silver in the team rapid fire pistol and Blau's bronze in the trap—in their debut performance in the sport.

Klein was able to match Russia's best performance from 1908, taking the silver medal in the middleweight class.