Rutulian villages in Russia: Amsar, Aran, Borch, Chude, Fartma, Fuchukh, Ikhrek, Jilikhur, Kala, Khnov, Khnyukh, Kiche, Kina, Kufa, Luchek, Myukhrek, Natsma, Novy Borch, Pilek, Rutul, Rybalko, Shinaz, Tsudik, Una, Vrush Rutulian villages and cities in Azerbaijan: Aqbulaq, Aydinbulakh, Baltali, Boyuk Dahna, Dashyuz, Goybulaq, Incha, Kish, Kudurlu, Sheki (Nukha), Shin, Shorsu, Khirsa.

[15] Losses in the Caucasian War of 1817-1864 and the resettlement of some Rutuls to Turkey, Syria, and other countries were among the factors that contributed to the decline in the total population of Rutulian in the Caucasus.

[16][17] Archaeologists from the Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences conducted a study of the Una settlement to confirm the existence of an adit used to extract copper-bearing ore.

[18] The early history of Rutulians is connected with the state of Caucasian Albania, formed at the end of the 2nd to the middle of the 1st centuries BC, which included the ancestors of the peoples of southern Dagestan.

In the middle of the 1st millennium BC, an Albanian tribal union formed in eastern Transcaucasia, uniting 26 tribes speaking different languages of the Samur ("Lezghin") branch of the Nakh-Dagestani family.

[15] He believes that it is also quite appropriate to link the ethnonyms "gazalar" (as the Tsakhurians call the Rutuls) and "gargar" meaning 'nationality' as concepts of etymologically common origin.

[25] Mention of 'Rutul' is found in the ancient manuscript "Akhty-name", which states that during the war with the Khazars, the Akhtyn ruler Dervishan called for the help of 'brave warriors Rutul, Jenik, and Rufuk".

"[27] The works of Arab historians and geographers from the 9th to 10th centuries provide a substantial list of ethnographic territories and possessions in the Caucasus, among which Lakz is mentioned.

Arab geographers speak of the large population and belligerence of the inhabitants of the Samur region, which is located on the territory of the former Caucasian Albania.

In the 13th century, during the Mongol invasion, Rutul and Tsakhur managed to avoid dependence on the Golden Horde and form two large communal unions.

Alkhas Mirza, acting in the interests of Iran, which sought to establish a foothold in Sunni territory, organized an attack on Rutul.

[32][33] Alkhas Mirza was a representative of the Iranian authorities in the northeastern Caucasus, serving as the ruler of the Safavid district centered around the city of Derbent.

[46] In the 18th century, the inhabitants of the Rutulian villages, along with other peoples of Dagestan, resisted the Persian troops of Nadir Shah, who invaded the region.

[51][52] "The Rutulians have not ceased to be malicious to this day, and not only do they themselves have hostile designs against the government, but they seek to spread them among neighboring tribes, villainously persecuting those who deviate from the path of lawlessness they have chosen."

[54] Since 1925, the authorities initiated an anti-Islamic campaign, which consisted of closing schools, eliminating the Arabic language, and exterminating local imams.

[57] In some Russian sources (e.g., maps), until the mid-19th century, the territory of the modern Rutulsky District was called the Luchekskoye naibstvo (with its center in the village of Luchek).

It is a stone in a wall of a building of a mosque of settlement village Luchek on which the chronograph text in the Arabian language is cut, Islam carrying the statement here to 128 of Hijra, that is 745 – 746.

The ancient manuscript "Akhty-name" contains a legend that some of the grandsons of the legendary Arab conqueror of Dagestan Abu Muslim settled in Rutul, Khnov and Shinaz.

[37] According to Lavrov, the presence of Arabic inscriptions and the fact that a khanqah (Sufi lodge) existed in Rutul in the 12th century indicate that by this time, Islam had already firmly established itself among the Rutulians.

Lavrov calls the upper reaches of the Samur River, where the Rutuls live, "the richest area in the Caucasus for the spread of Kufic inscriptions.".

[37] In 1952, in the area of Ruhudjug, near Luchek, scientists discovered rock paintings accompanied by the dates 751-752, 1127, 1165-1166 and 1213-1214 according to the Gregorian calendar.,[75] and also fragments of Arabic inscriptions were found.

The drawings depict horsemen, archers, people in high hats, animals (horses, mountain tours), a large sailing ship with a dozen pairs of oars,[76] crosses, tamgas, etc.

"[91] НIn this language, the newspaper "Kızıl Çoban" ("Red Shepherd") was published in Rutul since 1932, and Rutulian poets Gezerchi Gajiev and Jameseb Salarov wrote in it.

[80] After the establishment of Soviet power, the issue of creating a Rutulian script based on Cyrillic was raised within the framework of language policy.

In 1930, the resolution of the 5th Session of the Central Executive Committee of the Dagestan ASSR of the 7th convocation stated: "The People's Commissariat of Education and the Institute of Dagestan Culture shall outline a number of measures to study the possibility of creating a script based on Cyrillic and textbooks in their native languages for small mountain peoples (Agul, Rutul, Didoev), but subsequently, as Lavrov writes, "the creation of a Rutulian script based on Cyrillic was deemed inappropriate.

"[37] He noted that the reasons for this were "the reluctance of the population, its small numbers, the lack of trained personnel and, finally, the almost universal knowledge of such a developed language as Azerbaijani by the Rutuls.

Traditional home crafts are carpet weaving, cloth making, production of woolen knitted footwear, felt, patterned socks, ceramics without a potter's wheel, processing of stone, copper, silver.

[97] The Rutuls have developed various genres of folklore: ashug poetry, proverbs, sayings, fairy tales, legends, ritual songs.

The names of ashughs have also been preserved in the people's memory: Malla Turab, Kabilov Ali, Sakit Hinavi (Khnov), Gadzhi-Yusuf Medzhidov, Shafi Ibragimov (Amsar), Magomed Ulileev, Veysal Cherkezov and others.

His descendants, including the famous scientist, the first astronomer in Dagestan, Ismail Efendi, opened a medieval university, an observatory and a library in the village of Shinaz.