[1] Having enraged dean of the faculty Eijiro Kawai, a staunch opponent to the Marxian economics, by his uncareful remark, he had to leave his alma mater.

[4] Japan saw a wave of socialist and communist success in local elections starting in the early 1960s, when protests against the security treaties with the United States galvanized the left wing.

(His defeated rival, LDP candidate Shintarō Ishihara, later served as a cabinet minister and eventually won the Tokyo governorship in the 1999 election.)

The LDP-controlled national government under Kakuei Tanaka mimicked some of Minobe's socialist policies in Tokyo, including free health care for the elderly and for children with cancer, in an attempt to ride the public popularity of these programs.

[5] Japan's left wing lost popularity in the 1970s due to the 1973 oil crisis, growing criticism of welfare programs, and difficulty in completing public works projects.