S. M. Shirokogoroff

[3][4] He returned to Russia in 1910 to enter the Natural Sciences Department of the Saint Petersburg University, but pursued other interests including archaeology and then anthropology.

As Manchus in most of China had by that time long been strongly Sinicized in their language and culture, Shirokogoroff went in 1915 to one of the most remote corner of the country, the Aigun district (now Heihe) on the Amur River, opposite Russia's Blagoveshchensk.

[9] Shirokogoroff joined the Academia Sinica's Ethnology section in 1928 under Cai Yuanpei, and along with his wife and Yang Qingkun did fieldwork among the Yi people of Yunnan.

[14] Major works of Shirokogoroff's include Opyt izsli︠e︡dovanīi︠a︡ osnov shamanstva u tungusov «Опыт исследования основ шаманства у тунгусов» (1919); Ėtnos.

Исследование основных принципов изменения этнических и этнографических явлений» (1923); Social Organisation of the Manchus («Социальная организация маньчжур») (1924); and Psychomental Complex of the Tungus (1935), the latter written directly in English.