SCICEX

SCICEX, standing for Scientific Ice Expeditions, was a five-year (1995–1999) scientific research program involving a collaboration between the U.S. Navy and academic researchers from a variety of different universities.

The object of study was geophysical and oceanological conditions in the Arctic Ocean.

The Navy made available a nuclear submarine for each research cruise.

Margo Edwards was the chief scientist for the 1999 expedition[1] and spent thirteen days on the USS Hawkbill, thereby becoming the first women to live aboard a Navy nuclear submarine during under-ice operations.

[2] Edwards' research found evidence of climate change in the Arctic, including thinning sea ice,[3] volcanoes on the seafloor,[4] and warm water moving into the Arctic from the Atlantic Ocean.