ST Robotics is a company based in Cambridge, England, and Princeton, New Jersey, United States.

[1] As the language Forth became available on these computers, Sands wrote the first version of RoboForth which enabled the robots to run and respond far faster.

Cyber Robotics was bought by the Bibby Corporation in 1982 and it was eventually closed due to lack of sales.

During the period that Intelligent Artifacts was in operation, many inquiries were received for more serious and professional uses of robot arms for which the Cyber 310 was not suitable.

[citation needed] This alerted David Sands to the potential for manufacturing a bench–top robot arm series, some of which already existed, notably the Zymark.

The company began to manufacture robot arms, such as the R12 Mk1, R15 and R16, which were used in various applications, including DNA processing[4] and decommissioning nuclear reactors.

Also in 1992 Sands Technology formed one of the first joint venture companies with the USSR under Perestroika with the formation of Association Robot in Ekaterinburg, now dormant.

These problems were solved with the advent of rare–earth hybrid motors, high voltage micro-stepping drives and incremental encoder feedback.

At the same time it reads back the encoders data and passes this information to the CPU which also uses the DSP's timers.