Saalfeld-Rudolstadt is a Kreis (district) in the south of Thuringia, Germany.

The district dates back to the Landratsamt Saalfeld, which was created in 1868, and in 1922 it was converted into the Landkreis.

The highest elevation is 827 m above sea level near Piesau, and the lowest, at 169 m, is in the Saale river valley near Niederkrossen.

As Saalfeld was the capital of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, the Saxon coat of arms is displayed in the top-right and bottom-left quarter of the coat of arms.

The other two quarters show the coat of arms of the Princes of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt.