An abbey with a church (known as "Abbatiale I"), it was built in 639, under the regency of Queen Nanthild, mother of Clovis II, on a ruined castrum, located in a peninsula formed by a meander of the Marne, on the territory of the future commune of Saint-Maur by a deacon of Paris named Blidegisilus.

[2] The Notre-Dame des Miracles chapel, whose ruins can still be seen in the "Parc de l'Abbaye", marks, according to tradition, the location of the primitive church where Babolein was buried.

At the beginning of the 9th century, the abbey was one of the first to benefit from the vast reform imposed by Louis the Pious and the church (known as "Abbatiale II"), dedicated on 7 December 829, was rebuilt by Abbot Benedict (813-839), under the aegis of Count Beggo of Toulouse.

The monastery was run by a certain "abbot" Mainard who preferred to train his monks to hunt dogs and falcons rather than devote himself to religious life.

[3] The monk Adic complained about these disturbances to Count Bouchard the Venerable, who in 989 entrusted the task of reforming the monastery to Saint Majolus of Cluny.

In 1096, the Glanfeuil Abbey was lost as a result of the intrigues of Fulk IV, Count of Anjou who wanted to take revenge on King Philip I of France who had taken his wife Bertrade of Montfort.

The abbacies of Thibaud II (1107-1134) and Ascelin I (1134-1153) are marked by an intense artistic activity, manuscripts, and ornamentation of the cloister; most of the preserved sculptures date from this period.

In 1134, the abbot of Ascelin I received from Stephen of Senlis, bishop of Paris, the abbey of Saint-Eloi en la cité which was attached to Saint-Maur.

In a 1136 bull of the Pope Innocent II, mention is made for the first time of the chapel Saint-Bon of Paris belonging to the abbey of Saint-Maur-des-Fossés.

[6] On 14 July 1256 Pierre de Chevry, prior of Saint-Éloi, was elected abbot to replace Jean I of Auxonne (1251-1256) who had "shown himself to be detestable" and had been deposed.

At his death on 5 June 1285, Pierre de Chevry was buried in the chapel of Saint Martin, which was open to the north transept of the abbey church and which he had had rebuilt.

Accused of apostasy and irregularity, Rabelais was absolved by the pope but, by the brief of Paul III of 1536, had to commit himself to return to a Benedictine monastery of his choice and not to perform any more surgical operations.

The latter, the first to methodologically explore the entire stratigraphy of the site, brought to light Iron Age levels, well before the installation of the abbey, a few levels attributable to the early Middle Ages, including a Carolingian pit, and also traces of an 11th century buttressed building (partly observed in 1983-1984), the function of which is undetermined, to the north of the choir of the abbey.

The nave of the chapel was partially excavated between 1980 and 1982[9] following the discovery of a funerary urn, revealing the paving and the clawed bases of the columns of the 12th century Romanesque apse building.

This excavation allowed the discovery of a 14th century glazed tile floor working with a new flat chevet replacing the old semi-circular Romanesque apse.