Salawat Yulayev
Salawat Yulayev was born in the village of Tekeyevo, Orenburg Governorate in the Urals (now Salavatsky District, Bashkortostan).
The Russian imperial authorities seized him on 24 November 1774, and his father, Yulay Aznalin, was captured even earlier.
But soon the merchant Tverdyshev was granted collegiate accessory rank and deprived Yulay Aznalin of his land to build Simsky plant and villages.
The Bashkir land was falling to ruin, and so Yulay Aznalin and his nineteen-year-old son Salawat stood up under Yemelyan Pugachev’s banners.
On 2 October 1775, their hands and legs chained, Salawat and Yulay were sent on two carts under "protection" to the Baltic fortress Rogervik (nowadays the city of Paldiski in Estonia) for life.
When Paul I ascended the throne, the commandant of the fortress Langel submitted an inquiry about moving the remaining participants of the Pugachev Uprising to Taganrog or to Irkutsk to a cloth factory.
The resolution came from the Senate: The aforementioned convicts are subject to be moved… For their villainies they are banished by imperial command, and it is ordered to keep them in this port with possible caution that they could not run away."
By her order all participants of the Pugachev revolt were to be imprisoned forever, and their names should "be condemned to eternal oblivion and deep silence."
Under this manifest, local authorities pursued everyone who pronounced the names of the freedom fighter rebels against Russian overlordship.
The father of Salavat-Yulai Aznalin (Adnalin, Aznalikhin) was the leader (starshina) of the Bashkir Shaitan-Kudey yurt (volost, district).
But they had to perform military service: they guarded the eastern borders of the Russian Empire, participated in the wars waged by Russia.
Epic narrations about the events and people of a long past are called by Bashkirs riweyet, hikeyet, tarikh.
The legends about the capture of Salawat and his exile to Estonia in the Baltic forever ( for hard labor) are filled with deep pain of the people ("Why there are a lot of crystal in the mountains").
Folk stories about Salawat and his father Yulai brought to us the thoughts and views of people of the era of the uprising of 1773–1775 and subsequent times.
An old Russian song about Salawat was preserved in the Volga region ("Oh, you, goy, good fellow, Young Bashkir Salavatushka!").
When the enemy here came Like sheep it would run away ( legend: Salawat`s Stay at the Aj Riverside) Translated by Akhmatyanova N.N., Ganeev B.T.
(legend: Baedherghol- batyr`s Death) In the XVIII century, the oral literature of the Bashkirs existed in parallel with the written.
During the fighting, the archives of the field offices of the most prominent military leaders of the Peasant War, including Salawat, were lost.
For the first time, Salawat was called a poet by a researcher of the region R. G. Ignatiev, who studied archival documents.
“According to the Bashkirs of Verkhneuralskiy, the songs of Salavat himself,” wrote the local historian R. Ignatiev, “always ignited the courage of his soldiers ... Salavat's songs, like improvisation, remained unknown” (Manuscript of the collection of R. Ignatiev «Сказания, сказки и песни, сохранившиеся в рукописях татарской письменности и в устных пересказах у инородцев-магометан Оренбургского края», опубликованного в «Записках Оренбургского отдела ИРГО».
The poet P. M. Kudryashov, in his letter to P. P. Svinyin (publisher of the journal "Domestic Notes"), writes about the three verses of Salawat that he found and translated into Russian.
Separate pages of the manuscript of the researcher F. D. Nefedov “Salavat, Bashkir Batyr” are stored in the state archive (ЦГАЛИ Ф.
The archive of the Ufa branch of the RAS contains several works of the hero poet, recorded by M. Burangulov (Ф.
Till this time he stayed in bondage for twenty five years: "To Estland provincial board from Major Ditmar being at the Baltic invalid command.
Against the previously submitted register decreased: This month of 26-th date, convicted slave Salawat Yulayev died about which I have the honor of reporting."
"These words, attributed to Salawat Yulayev, are perceived today as a confession of the strong batyr, who, exhausted by torture and interrogations, did not resign himself to his destiny.
Many things in modern-day Bashkortostan are named after Yulayev, including a town, a cave, a hockey team, and the republic's State Prize.
In 1940 a biographical film titled Salavat Yulayev was made in the Soviet Union by director Yakov Protazanov.
The biography of Salawat Yulayev was studied by historians, local historians, writers and journalists like Inga Gvozdikova, Victor Sidorov, Radik Vakhitov, Miras Idelbaev, Khairulla Kulmukhametov, Ihsan Zalyaletdinov, Tarhan Zagidullin, Wilmir Safin, Abuzar Saifullin, Stepan Zlobin.
She wrote the first scientific, strictly documented biography of the Bashkir national hero Salawat Yulayev.
