The 2020 census found 2,076 people in the township.

Located in the eastern part of the county, it borders the following townships: The village of Port Jefferson is located in southern Salem Township, and the unincorporated community of Maplewood lies in the northern part of the township.

[4] It is one of fourteen Salem Townships statewide.

[5] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[6] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.