Salo (Salomon) Landau (1 April 1903, Bochnia, Galicia, Austria-Hungary – March 1944,[1][2] Grodziszcze, Świdnica County, Poland) was a Dutch chess player, who died in a Nazi concentration camp.

[3] Salo was born into a Jewish family in Bochnia, Poland (then Galicia, Austria-Hungary).

In 1914 (World War I), the Landau family fled to Vienna, and young Salo was sent to friends in Rotterdam in the Netherlands.

In 1928, he took 2nd, behind Henri Weenink, at Amsterdam (Dutch Chess Championship).

In July 1929, he tied for 2nd–3rd with Weenink, behind Euwe, at Amsterdam (8th Dutch championship).

[4] Landau had one outstanding result at Rotterdam in 1931, where he finished 1st ahead of Edgard Colle, Savielly Tartakower, and Akiba Rubinstein, defeating all three in the process.

In Autumn 1934, he won (+6 –0 =0), and drew (+4 –4 =2) matches against Johannes van den Bosch.

In 1936, he won the 10th Dutch national championship (although the world champion, Euwe, did not compete).

Finally, in September 1942, Landau tried to escape the Nazis by fleeing to Switzerland with his family, but they were caught on September 28 in Breda, near the border with Belgium and sent to Westerbork transit camp.

His wife and young daughter, whose hiding place was betrayed, were sent to Auschwitz in September 1944,[2][9] where they were gassed on October 12, 1944.