Rossi began his career at the Bank of Italy in 1976, working in various capacities, including as the head of the Economic Research Department in 2000.

Between may 2013 and may 2019, he was the Senior Deputy Governor of the Bank of Italy and President of the Italian Insurance Supervisory Authority.

From January 2013 to February 2016, he was a member of the Fondo Strategico Italiano and is a Senior Fellow at the LUISS School of European Political Economy.

[3] From May 2012 to March 2019, Rossi served on the Foundation Board of the International Centre for Monetary and Banking Studies in Geneva.

[6] In March 2013, the then-President of Italy, Giorgio Napolitano, included Rossi in a group of ten advisors tasked with drafting a policy platform for a new Italian government.