Samar's 1st congressional district is one of the two congressional districts of the Philippines in the province of Samar.

[3] The district consists of the city of Calbayog and adjacent municipalities of Almagro, Gandara, Matuguinao, Pagsanghan, San Jorge, Santa Margarita, Santo Niño, Tagapul-an and Tarangnan.

It is currently represented in the 18th Congress by Stephen James T. Tan of the Nacionalista Party (NP).

[4] Prior to its second dissolution in 1965 due to the split of the old province of Samar, the district consisted of the old province's northern municipalities of Allen, Bobon, Calbayog, Capul, Catarman, Catubig, Gamay, Laoang, Lapinig, Las Navas, Lavezares, Mondragon, Palapag, Pambujan, San Antonio, San Isidro, San Jose, and San Roque.

Following the split, Calbayog became part of Western Samar (now known simply as Samar), while the remaining municipalities formed Northern Samar, with each new province gaining distinct representation.