Samarinda is the capital city of the Indonesian province of East Kalimantan on the island of Borneo.

The city lies on the banks of the Mahakam River with a land area of 718 km2 (277 sq mi).

Samarinda was one of Indonesia's top ten Most Liveable Cities in 2022,[13][14] ranks first on East Kalimantan Human Development Index[15] and it is the most populous city on the entire Borneo island, with a population of 727,500 at the 2010 Census[16] and 827,994 at the 2020 Census;[17] the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 861,878.

[21] The container port in Samarinda is also the busiest in East Kalimantan, handled more than 271 thousand twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU) in 2019.

[25] At the start of the Gowa War, the Dutch under Admiral Speelman's command attacked Makassar from the sea.

The Kingdom of Gowa was forced to surrender and Sultan Hasanuddin was made to sign the Treaty of Bongaja on 19 November 1667.

[26] The treaty did not quell all trouble for the Dutch however, since the Bugis from Gowa continued their struggle using guerilla tactics.

A few thousand people led by Lamohang Daeng Mangkona or Pua Ado I, moved to East Kalimantan, known then as Kutai, where they were welcomed by the local Sultan.

On 24 April 1969, districts Palaran, Sanga-Sanga, Muara Jawa and Samboja were transferred from Kutai Regency to Samarinda, therefore, its total area increased to around 2,727 km2.

[8] The table also includes the number of administrative villages in each district (all classed as urban kelurahan) and their post codes.

Samarinda has a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen: Af) with heavy rainfall and hot, oppressively humid temperatures year-round.

The prominent coal loading port of Tanjung Bara (TBCT) lies about 160 kilometres to the north of Samarinda.