Samuel Cooper FRS (September 1780 – 2 December 1848) was an English surgeon and medical writer.

His father, who had made a fortune in the West Indies, died when his three sons were still young.

The second, Samuel, was educated by Dr. Charles Burney at Greenwich, and in 1800 entered St. Bartholomew's Hospital.

In 1806 he gained the Jacksonian prize at the College of Surgeons for the best essay on Diseases of the Joints.

His book (1840) "First Lines of Theory and Practice of Surgery" was the first formal acknowledgement of advanced melanoma as untreatable.