Cameron was a foundation Fellow of Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists in 1929, and for many years a member of the Gynaecological Visiting Society.
In October 1934 he succeeded to his father's former position, replacing John Martin Munro Kerr in the chair of Regius Professor of Midwifery at the University of Glasgow.
Throughout his professional life Cameron championed the reputation of the father of modern midwifery in the British isles, William Smellie.
In 1929, in his Presidential address to the Glasgow Obstetric and Gynaecological Society Cameron said of Smellie: ‘Looking backwards, I see Smellie’s figure towering above all other’s […] As the founder of the modern practice of obstetrics, this plain, blunt, and indefatigable Scot has left a memory, to be cherished by all interested in this special department of medicine’.
A lifelong art collector, Sam Cameron's collection at his country residence at Stobieside, near Drumclog, Lanarkshire included works by the Scottish painters Allan Ramsay and Sir Henry Raeburn.