Chadwick was born in Newcroft House in Urmston, Lancashire, and educated at Stretford School before moving to Bolton at the age of 14 to live with a doctor uncle in Sweet Green.
Chadwick himself then decided to study medicine at the University of London in 1828, becoming a Member of the Royal College of Surgeons (MRCS).
[1] He returned to Lancashire and set up a practice in Wigan, moving to Bolton in 1837 to succeed his uncle.
[1] He provided the funds to set up a Mechanics Institute and gave lectures on public health issues.
His final act of philanthropy before his retirement to Southport in 1863 was to set up a charity to help European refugees.