Sir Samuel Wilks, 1st Baronet, FRS, FRCP (2 June 1824 – 8 November 1911) was a British physician and biographer.

[2] Wilks's autopsy of a 42-year-old woman who died after several months of diarrhoea and fever demonstrated a transmural ulcerative inflammation of the colon and terminal ileum.

[3] Subsequently, in 1868, he published the characteristic mental symptoms on alcoholic paraplegia (later to be named Korsakoff's syndrome).

Wilks described the first case of myasthenia gravis, in 1877 (it was named "bulbar paralysis" in Guy's Hospital Reports 22:7).

The following year he was created a baronet, of Grosvenor Street in the Parish of Saint George Hanover Square in the County of London.