The church was founded in the 8th century, when Armenian monks fleeing due to the Byzantine Iconoclasm, came to Naples.

In 1543, custody of the chapel was granted to the Congregation of the Booksellers (Librai), who clustered in this zone of the city.

By 1628, veneration had increased, and San Biagio was declared a protector of the Neapolitan realm.

The Saint and the chapel were also involved in the intercession of poor women wishing to marry and those afflicted with throat maladies.

For years, the church fell into decay, and now the deconsecrated building is in the custody of the cultural organization: Fondazione Giambattista Vico.