The church was part of the former Templar San Juan de Dios Hospital, which had previously been the fortress and palace of the Muslim ruler.

When the Emirate of Murcia became a protectorate of Castile under the Treaty of Alcaraz in 1243, the future Alfonso X entered the city and took possession of the complex.

This complex was later granted by James I of Aragon to the primary adelantado responsible for Murcia, Alfonso García de Villamayor, after the Aragonese king suppressed the Mudejar revolt of 1264-1266.

Over time, the fortress lost its strategic function, leading Henry III of Castile to order the construction of a new fortification further west at the beginning of the 15th century.

The church was later desacralized and transformed into a museum displaying religious sculptures from the 15th to 19th centuries, as well as works by Juan González Moreno.

The facade includes two square-based towers with Baroque and Rococo elements, showing influences from Bernini's San Andrea al Quirinale in Rome.