However, an alternate usage is practiced in Southeast Asia, in which the word "Nikaya" is a respectful term for a monastic community.
Monks were commonly involved in leading a household life, having families, and even serving as "matchmakers".
He chastised monks for following practices that the Vinaya clearly outlaws, such as animal sacrifice, using of money, maintaining a family, drinking alcohol, and eating food (especially meat) not offered.
After his efforts to reform the Sangha, the Sangharaj turned his attention toward lay practice and spoke against animal sacrifice and the worship of gods.
Saramitra Mahasthabir became highly influential and persuaded a growing number of monks to be re-ordained as a gesture of their adherence to the reform movement.
With a new nikaya under his authority, the Sangharaj became highly effective at eliminating the worship of gods and the practice of tantra.
However, the Mahasthabir Nikaya believed that a Bengali Buddhist order should not come under a powerful influence from a foreign entity.