Sapahar Upazila is bounded by Tapan CD Block in Dakshin Dinajpur district, West Bengal, India, on the north, Patnitala Upazila on the east, Porsha Upazila on the south, and Bamangola CD Block, in Malda district, West Bengal, on the west.

[3][4][5] Main river Punarbhaba at Patari village and Jabai Beel are notable.

Sapahar had a literacy rate (age 7 and over) of 42.19%, compared to the national average of 51.8%, and a sex ratio of 990 females per 1000 males.

[3] The Upazila is divided into six union parishads: Aihai, Goala, Pathari, Sapahar, Shiranti, and Tilna.

[7] Sapahar Sadar Town covers an area of 8.4 square kilometres (3.2 sq mi).